A Comedy Without Substance by William Shakespeare Essay

Old and new comedy both appear during the play, they are only produced for entertainment purposes.Old comedy usually sees a plot with a problem to overcome. This is attempted with a absurd plan, often leading to satire and buffoonery.These key features of old comedy are shown when Hero has to fake her death in order for Claudio to marry her and dogberry and verges court case to gain respect and honour.New Comedy is also visible in the play, it ischaracterised by young man chasing a young woman, the protagonist has to overcome social difficulties in order to succeed in pursuit and eventually ends with restoration.Claudio and Hero are clear examples of old comedy, however Benidick and Beatrice don’t fit into this typical mold but are key romantics. The defective Exchange is a conversation which breeches usual rules of conversation (Grice’s Maxims) which are:1.Be truthful 2. Be concise. 3. be clear. 4. be relevant. In Much Ado About Nothing, this is reflected through those who are out of step or disagree with society.Dogberry and his companions of the middle-class are key characters of this. The use of breeching Grice’s Maxims in Much ado about nothing cause the play to become a comedy without substance.Dogberry breaks the maxims by not being relevant as he says â€Å"Thou wilt be condemned into everlasting redemption for this†Shakespeare’s character Dogberry says â€Å"redemption† instead of â€Å"damnation†, this is a malapropism.The fact that he means precisely the opposite of what he so passionately exclaims makes this a comical use of irony.This technique specifically used here potrays this play to be a comedy without substance as this does not at all having any meaning behind it. However Grice Maxims are also broken by Benidick and Beatrice, â€Å"Well, you are a rare parrot-teacher† â€Å"A bird of my tongue is better than a beast of yours† â€Å"I would my horse had the speed of your tongue, and so good a continuer. But keep your way, i’ God’s name; I have done.† â€Å"You always end with a ja de’s trick: I know you of old†. Shakespeare uses Bendick and Beatrices merry war for the audience to percieve the characters true feelings for one another, despite the characters not knowing so creating dramatic comedy. They are breaking the Grice Maxim of be truthful. Shakespeare covers these characters true feelings and mixes between good and bad roles of characters. Therefore this shows Much Ado About Nothing is a comedy with substance as Shakespeare explores the geography of human soul. Shakespeare uses comic pairing to create comedy from their dialogue and interaction. Much ado about nothing therefore here is represented as only for entertainment so is a comedy without substance.Dogberry and his companions enter the play at a moment of high drama. â€Å"Come hither, neighbour Seacoal. God hath bless’d you with a good name. To be a well-favoured man is the gift of fortune, butto write and read comes by nature† â€Å"Both which, Master Constable– â€Å"You have. I knew it would be your answer. Well, for yourfavour, sir, why, give God thanks and make no boast of it; andfor your writing and reading, let that appear when there is no need of such vanity† Dogberry messes h is words throughout all of his lines.He mistakes writing and reading as a sign of vanity which allows the audience to get a glimpse of exactly how Dogberry views the world. To him, being a learned man is a good way to show off how refined you are. He attempts to use a wide range of speech to convince everyone that’s he’s a gentleman, even though he doesn’t really have a grasp of the vocabulary he employs, he is trying to decieve those of upper class. This is purely for laughs and entertainment without any kind of meaning behind it, therefore proving the play is a comedy without substance. However the Beatrice and Benidck are comically paired by Shakespeare to create comedy, however this shows Much Ado About Nothing is a comedy with substance as there is a key message behind this pairing.â€Å"Why, then your uncle, and the Prince, and Claudio Have been deceived; for they swore you did† â€Å"Do not you love me?† â€Å"Troth, no; no more than reason. â€Å"Why, then my cousin, Margaret, and Ursula.Are much deceiv’d; for they did swear you did†Ã¢â‚¬Å"They swore that you were well-nigh dead for me† Shakespeare potrays Benedick and Beatrice as having a view that everyone aroun d them is deceived about their love for each other, but they’re only fooling themselves.Here Shakespeare expresses that despite Bendick and Beatrices clear intelligence and wit, they themselves are unable to show their true feelings. This shows the play is a comedy with substance. Their clever wit is used to decive eachother, however this produces dramatic irony as the audience know this is not the case.â€Å"I would my horse had the speed of your tongue, and so good acontinuer. But keep your way, a God’s name! I have done† â€Å"You always end with a jade’s trick. I know you of old†.Shakespeare uses the two characters language as weapons, but they never seem to be able to end or resolve their fights. Benedick backs out first, this creates a comedy with substance as women in the Victorian times were supposed to be seen and not heard. Shakespeare uses characters so the audience to laughing with and laughing at them.The audience laughs openly at Dogberry and the townsmen whereas they do not laugh outright at the people of the court, except in the case of Beatrice and Benedick and the way they are deceived and deceive themselves which suggests more respect is given for the higher class. This shows it is a comedy with substance as it is shown here the difference in which classes are taken as.Dogberry, a watchman is comical relief for the comedy itself. He is memorable in that he constantly uses malapropisms, or incorrect uses of words, in his dialogue. â€Å"Goodman Verges, sir, speaks a little off the matter-an old man, sir, and his wits are not so blunt.† Shakespeare uses malapropism here, instead of sharp he says blunt, this creates dramatic comedy as we are laughing at Dogberrys dialogue mistakes. This is only seen in the lower class characters. Despite Dogberry sussing out Don John he is still considered to be the almost clown of the play.Another low class character is Margret,, in contrast with Dogberry she is not trying to gain higher respect, she has no respect for herself..â€Å"Of what, lady? of speaking honorably?† Whilst talking to Hero while she is having doubts she mentions the word ‘honourable’ this creates dramatic irony sin ce the plot is about to turn into a question of honourbaility due to Margrets actions.This part of the play is purely for entertainment for the build up to the plot so therefore Much Ado about nothing is a comedy without substance. Shakespeare uses the upper class to allow the audience to laugh with them. These characters are better educated and have more wit. Beatrice is one of these characters â€Å"I had rather hear my dog bark0` at a crow, than a man swear he loves me.† This creates dramatic comedy as men usually have that attitude towards love and women. Shakespeare uses Beatrice to portray a dominant,powerful woman who can fight her own battles compared to the steretypical woman role.This is purely just for entertainment to create comedy.However Bendick despite his higher education reads into things too much and is tricked into thinking Beatrice likes him which causes collusion â€Å"Ha! ‘Against my will I am sent to bid you come in to dinner.’There’s a double meaning in that. ‘I took no more pains for thosethanks than you took pains to thank me.’ That’s as much as to say, ‘Any pains that I take for you is as easy as thanks.’ If I do not take pity of her, I am a villain; if I do not love her, I am a Jew. I will go get her picture† Benedick convinces himself that there’s underlying romantic meaning in Beatrice’s words, even when that’s obviously not the case. Love has the power to make us see what we want in conversation. Exclusion is taking place here as Shakespeare shows even higher classes are fooled and mistaken therefore,substance is clear as it shows there is not much difference between the two classes. Shakespeare uses trickery to make Much Ado about Nothing a comedy. Comedy has a substance here as it shows it does not expose evil just a lack of awareness.Hero tricked by Don Pedro as he is wooing Hero for Claudio.’Tis once, thou lovest,And I will fit thee with the remedy.I know we shall have revelling to-night.I will assume thy part in some disguise and tell fair Hero I am Claudio,And in her bosom I’ll unclasp my heartAnd take her hearing prisoner with the forceAnd strong encounter of my amorous tale†.Don Pedro here manipulates gullible and innocent Hero into falling in love with Claudio. It’s shady that Don Pedro will get Hero to fall in love with his words, thinking they’re Claudio’s words . Claudio and Don Pedro don’t care if they manipulate Hero under falseness,as they’ve only got their eyes on the prize of winning her even if she is deceived into being won by a guy she doesn’t know and has never spoken to. Trickery creates substance as it potrays Shakspeares as evil being seen as a lack of awareness. Beatrice and Bendick are also tricked into loving eachother.Shakespeare creates this for the audience to laugh at their naivety and foolishness despite their typical wit.Much Ado About Nothing is a comedy with substance as the message behind this specific plot is anyone can be decieved and fooled since the wittiest and intelligent of characters get fooled. Don Pedro expresses this.â€Å"Benedick that, in despite of his quick wit and his queasy stomach, he shall fall in love with Beatrice. If we can do this,Cupid is no longer an archer; his glory shall be ours, for we are†Don Pedro and Claudio create deception, but rather than tricking him into loving Beatrice, they are manipulating Benedick into making his own decision. Don Pedro also refers to them as being cupid despite lies and deciet taking place. This play is a comedy with substance as Shakespeare shows even the higher archery of society lie and deciet. Shakespeare critises marriage during the play through using the characters, yet the plot finishes its destination at the moment of resoultion where all is solved by marriage. This shows Much Ado about nothing is a play made purely for entertainment purposes with no substance.

Occupational Health And Safety Management System Construction Essay

Civil technology is a term of planning, planing, edifice, and direction of the installations that are indispensable to civilisation. As a portion of commanding to cut down wastes in it ‘s all forms ( clip, money, effortaˆÂ ¦etc ) , direction is necessary for the technological progresss due to human wellness and wellbeing and the protection of Earth ‘s ecosystems. The planning, design and building of big, one-of-a-kind systems and constructions is a trademark of civil technology. Civil applied scientists usually apply the rules of geotechnical technology, structural technology, environmental technology, transit technology and building technology to residential, commercial, and industrial and public works undertakings of all sizes and degrees of building. Besides they may work in research, design, building supervising, care, or even in gross revenues or direction. Each of these countries involves different responsibilities, different accents, and different utilizations of the applied scientist ‘s cognition and experience. Much of the work of civil applied scientists is carried on out-of-doorss, frequently in rugged and hard terrain or under unsafe conditions. One of the taking company that provide ready mix concrete is Al Quds Readymix ( AQRM ) in Jordan. It was established in 1996 but In 2005 the company changed into Shareholding Company with a fund of 14 million JD.2. Health and Safety Management:The degree of building safety in a state is affected by a batch of facets such as fluctuations in the labour forces, insurance rates, legal effects, switching economic systems, and the phase of technological development. This issue ca n't be solved by theories ; there should be a systematic process to increase the safety degree through building. The effectual processs include planing, pre-planning, preparation, direction confidence and the development of a safety civilization. Health and safety direction is an duty. Figure 2 show that building Fieldss are the most sectors that indicate hurts. Fig.2: Injuries rates for industry, building, and fabrication. ( 2 )2.1 Occupational Safety and Health Administration ( OSHA ) :OSHA is federal bureau created by President Richard M Nixon, on December 29, 1970 under the Occupational Safety and Health Act. OSHA aims to forestall work-related hurts, unwellnesss, and occupational human death by publishing and implementing regulations called criterions, to accomplish a healthy and safe environment at workspace will take to: ( 2 ) Bureau of labour statistic, US section of labour, December 2002 Get familiar with hazards and jeopardies and extinguish them. Prevent and protect workers from unwellness and hurts. Eliminate decease accident at the workspace. Give qui vives and information for the directors to assist bettering wellness and safety civilization at the workspace. Improve director ‘s assurance.2.2 Safety Management Systems ( SMS )Safety direction systems can be defined as the specific application ofA quality managementA to safety. It gives an effectual manner to calculate and place jeopardies and hazards. SMS involves that the company should see each hazard or jeopardy within its sections as a peculiarly individual system instead that several. If safety is non seen wholly, it can interfere with the precedences of developments or lead to holes at the safety system willing to construct. An effectual execution of SMS is to hold a clear rating at jeopardies as whole.2.2.1 Construction Occupational Health and Safety Management System ( COHSMS )Construction occupational wellness and safety direction system constitutes a set of steps refering wellness and safety direction that are implemented and operated continually and wholly, performed in concurrence with other direction systems, such as building direction system. The system includes the fol lowers: Declarations of policies related to wellness and safety ( hereinafter referred to as â€Å" wellness and safety policy † or â€Å" project wellness and safety policy † ) . Probe of hazards and/or jeopardies and finding of countermeasures to be taken based on the consequence of the probe. Adoption of marks for wellness and safety ( hereinafter referred to as â€Å" wellness and safety marks † or â€Å" project wellness and safety marks † . Formulation, execution, rating and betterment of programs for wellness and safety ( herein after referred to as â€Å" wellness and safety programs † or â€Å" project wellness and safety programs † .2.3 Construction Safety Planning:Safety planning plays its of import function in building undertaking direction for cut downing unneeded cost and holds related to unsought accidents. Safety planning ensures that safety will be taken into history along with costs, agendas, quality and other of import occupation ends. Safety planning includes placing all possible jeopardies and risky operations and safety steps. This safety planning can be enhanced into safety hazard direction system by adding more undertakings: placing safety jeopardies, sorting hazards, commanding the hazards and supervising the execution. Among these undertakings, safety jeopardy designation is the most of import, since failure to place safety jeopardies means safety steps are non adequately investigated.2.4 Project Safety ManagementHealth and safety in undertakings is a policy that aims to do the direction of wellness and safety hazards an indispensable portion of the undertaking planning procedure. Pull offing wellness and safety is non merely an duty but is besides frequently expected by our concern and research spouses. All undertakings require hazard appraisal and safe systems of work under the wellness and safety regulations. This policy is designed for big or complex undertakings. It provides a agency of uniting wellness and safety certification for the different facets of the undertaking into a clear direction program. There are assorted grounds for sing safety direction as an of import facet in undertakings. The major 1s are: Human Factor: Accidents result in loss of life or in disablement of a human being. It consequences in agony of the dependents on the injured or dead individual. Hence every organisation must recognize the value of safety direction. Law and Regulations: The organisation has to be concerned about the punishments and effects imposed by regulations and ordinances, related to safety. Organizational Image and Reputation: Accidents in the undertakings cut down the assurance degree of clients and stain the organisation ‘s image. Economic Factors: Organization needs to see the disbursals associated due to miss of safety direction. These disbursals can be categorized in Direct and Indirect disbursals. Direct Expenses: ( These are the existent costs incurred in happening of a hazard ) . Expenses incurred in interventions of the injured. Compensations to be provided to the dependents of dead or injured. Increased insurance premiums. Replacement costs. Legal disbursals. Indirect disbursals: Decelerate down in work. Decrease in morale of fellow workers Time lost by other workers. Administrative disbursals. Loss of client assurance. Overtime needed to cover the lost clip. fig.3: Cause of Accidents in the Construction Industry ( 2001 ) . ( 3 ) ( 3 ) www.jniosh.go.jp3. Entire Quality Management ( TQM ) :3.1 Quality Control and Quality Assurance ( QC/QA ) :Quality control ( QC ) is a systematic technique that ensures a merchandise or a service is run intoing the specified quality standards and demands of clients or client. Quality Assurance ( QA ) is a term used for the set of processs that performed to guarantee the merchandise or service is run intoing its demands under the action of production before it ‘s completed. The chief difference between QC and QA is demonstrated below: Systematic activities that are indispensable that provides assurance that demands are right recognized and merchandises or services conform to specified demands. The technique by which merchandise or service quality is compared with criterions ; and commanding the nonconformity issues. QA sets up and evaluates house ‘s procedures QA verifiy if the merchandise or service meets specifications and criterions. QA is the duty of all who works in quality. QC is the duty of the 1 is concerned. QA avoids defect before production. QA Detects, analyze and holes defects3.1.1 Quality Control through Al Quds Ready-mix:Ready assorted concrete production is playing an of import function at building concern environment presents. Al Quds provides a high quality of concrete used in building plants. Production concrete has many different degrees phases and it is necessary to accomplish the needed quality in these operations. Al Quds is be givening to develop the feature of concern processs through the whole company. Al-Quds has a to the full equipped research lab with testing tools for sum and concrete. These tools are calibrated by â€Å" Arab Center for Engineering Surveies † and â€Å" The Royal Scientific Society † . A squad of applied scientists and technicians are qualified to manage proving for bettering the quality of concrete merchandises. As a measure of quality betterment, Al Quds has signed an understanding with â€Å" Arab Center for Engineering Surveies † late to conform the quality of concrete alloy produced and aggregative. Due to this understanding, scheduled random samples are tested and calibrated on a regular basis.3.2 TQM Definition:Entire Quality Management is a technique attack that first established in the 1950 ‘s and has become more popular since the early 1980 ‘s. Entire Quality is a account of the civilization, attitude and organisation of a house that tends to supply clients with merchandises and services with a satisfied quality. TQM is a method by which directors and employees can affect in the uninterrupted betterment of the production. It is a mixture of quality and direction tools intended at increasing net incomes and cut downing losingss as possible.3.2.1 TQM Implementation at Construction Firms:In developing a entire quality civilization in building, one of import measure is to develop a building squad of a chief contractor and subcontractors who would perpetrate to the quality procedure and develop a true quality attitude. Therefore, the chief contractor should merely choose subcontractors who have demonstrated choice attitude and work public presentation on old occupations. Te following basic stairss to implementing TQM in building undertakings: Obtain the committedness of the client to quality ; Generate consciousness, educate, and alter the attitudes of staff ; Develop a procedure attack toward TQM ; Prepare undertaking quality programs for all degrees of work ; Institute uninterrupted betterment ; promote staff engagement and part utilizing quality control circles and motive plans ; and Review quality programs and step public presentation.3.2.2 Resistance to Total Quality Management in ConstructionThe factors which may do opposition in the execution of TQM in building are: Product Diversity: All edifices constructed are alone. Quality is seen as consisting of those merchandise characteristics which meet the individualized demands of the clients and thereby supply merchandise satisfaction, supplemented with a provision of freedom from lacks. Organizational Stability: The building industry has a high figure of organisational prostrations, particularly during a downswing in the economic system. Therefore, commitment toward TQM schemes and policies that may take several old ages to supply †pay offs † may be perceived as futile or a misdirection of resources. As compared to the caput office, the edifice site is ephemeral. Teams specially formed for a undertaking may discontinue to be after contractual duties end.3.3 ISO9001-2000 for Construction Firms:ISO 9001-2000 is a quality direction system standard.A Any building organisation needs a strong direction system to accomplish its benefits as a trade grade 1t the market topographic point. Therefore ISO 9001-2000 is the appropriate tool to increase client satisfaction and productiveness. ISO 9001-2000 offers resource be aftering to effectual monitoring and undertakings control. ISO tends to cut down client ailments by increasing efficiency of quality direction system.4. Fiscal Management:Fiscal direction is a planning systemA for the futureA of a concern activityA to do certain aA constructive hard currency flow. It includes the direction and care of fiscal assets. Fiscal direction contains the procedure of sorting and pull offing hazards. Fiscal direction concerns rating instead than the techniques of fiscal quantification. A fiscal director should take into consideration the informations to command the public presentation of the firm.A Managerial financeA is an interdisciplinary attack that is including both managerial accounting and corporate finance. Financial managementA is the scientific discipline of money direction as experts says. However, A fiscal direction has the precedence human being because every unit needs to look after its fundss.4.1 Types of Construction ContractsWhileA building contractsA serves as a agency of pricing building, they besides construction the allotment of hazard to the assorted parties involved. The proprietor has the exclusive power to make up one's mind what type of contract should be used for a specific installation to be constructed and to put forth the footings in a contractual understanding. It is of import to understand the hazards of the contractors associated with differentA types of building contracts. Lump-Sum Contract: In this type the contractor is responsible of all the hazards, and he is expected to bespeak higher net incomes to avoid sudden failures. Other committednesss are made through this contract such as describing systems or a quality control plan. Any term of cost that is non mentioned the net incomes of the contractor will be reduced by that sum. Unit Price Contract: In this type, the hazard of misguided estimation of unsure measures for some undertakings has been removed from the contractor. Contractors might offer an â€Å" imbalanced command † if they discovered big difference between its estimations and the proprietor ‘s estimations of these measures. Cost plus Fixed Percentage Contract: Some proprietors are forced to see all hazards of cost as overproductions. Particularly in the building that involves engineering. The contractors are acquiring the existent cost plus a fixed per centum. Cost plus Fixed Free Contract: This type is merely every bit same as the one above except that in fixed free ; contractors are acquiring the occupation cost with fixed fee regardless the clip of the occupation. Cost plus Variable Percentage Contract: For this type, the contractor will perpetrate a punishment if the existent cost exceeds the theoretical occupation cost to a punishment if the existent cost exceeds the estimated occupation cost, and on the other sides, contractor is rewarded for cut downing the existent cost. Guaranteed Maximal Cost Contract: Sometimes the proprietor might make up one's mind to inquire the contractor to be responsible of all the hazards ( existent undertaking cost and undertaking clip. Any work alteration orders from the proprietor must be highly minor if at all, since public presentation specifications are provided to the proprietor at the beginning of building. The proprietor and the contractor agree to a undertaking cost guaranteed by the contractor as upper limit. There may be or may non be extra commissariats to portion any nest eggs if any in the contract.4.2 Key Performance Indicator ( KPI )In any house there should be a step of its success and public presentation, hence KPI is a step of how a house is come oning to carry through its mark. KPI is dependent on the house ‘s type and activity and its normally monitored usingA concern intelligenceA techniques. Nowadays KPI ‘s are monitored by a process called â€Å" Business Activity Monitoring ( BAM ) †4.2.1 Construction KPI ‘ sPull offing house ‘s growing and its economic challenges demands pull offing catching and subcontracting houses to develop a controlled concern scheme. As a portion of this scheme ; the KPI ‘s that should be monitored in building houses are: Liquid: A It refers to how much hard currency the houses is deriving or devouring. Labor Productivity: Productivity issues have a immense consequence on net income borders due to interrupt in labour budgets. Separating occupations within a undertaking is a must to place the difference between existent and theoretical labour outgos. Cash Flow: It refers to single undertakings and how much are impacting in hard currency. Committed Cost: Construction houses may confront fiscal exposure due to un-committed providers and subcontractor. In this instance the house should raise the committed costs proportion. Agenda Discrepancy: This index refers to the discrepancy timing in a undertaking. Project timeline should be monitored on a regular basis for minimal discrepancy. Un-approved alteration orders: Firms should extinguish fiscal exposure to place its un-approved alteration order. Customer Satisfaction: Firms should supervise its ability to run into the desired specification by analysing costumer feedback.

LinkedIn Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

LinkedIn - Essay Example Professionals dealing with ISM enable all categories of organizations to receive information benefits through adequate investments in staffs, processes and equipment. ISM is people focused, with adequate focus on quality service. Presently, the ISM is increasingly being developed on the computer networks, software and also hardware. ISM is applied in the facilitation of analysis, strategic and operational processes. LinkedIn is a category of ISM, in that it is a business focused social networking service. The business focus is the main reason why it is suitable for professional networking. Professionals use the information system processes of LinkedIn to share information on organization business environment. The increasing international business connectivity is the main factor why the users of LinkedIn are continuously increasing in terms of millions on yearly basis. Presently, the professional networking site has approximately 259 million users. LinkedIn is also present internationally, in approximately 200 countries. The multinational corporations operate in diverse business environments. The diverse cultures and language in the international business environment is the main reason why LinkedIn is available in 20 international languages including; English, Portuguese, French, Spanish, German, Swedish, Russian, Korean, Japanese and Chinese. LinkedIn initiated the initial public offering durin g January 2011. The shares of the company were initially traded at the New York Stock Exchange on May 19, 2011. LinkedIn is applied by professional internationally to share ideas on organization processes like management activities, innovation, technology adaptation and quality standards. LinkedIn is effective in its operations as an ISM tool, due to its capable management team and professional experts. The CE of the organization is Jeff Weiner, the immediate former executive of another global information system corporation, Yahoo! Inc. The founder of the company

South West Tourism Industry Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

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Mental health (nursing) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Mental health (nursing) - Essay Example Unfortunately, not every has been blessed with sanity. That is, there are millions of people living whose defected minds cannot cope up with the fast-paced world of today. When a person is not mentally fit, he is said to have a mental disorder. This is a psychological or behavioral defect that causes a disability that hinders normal human development. A mental disorder causes one to be labeled as ‘abnormal’, causing severe distress to the patient. There are many different categories of mental disorders - anxiety disorders, mood disorders, dissociative disorders, psychotic disorders, personality disorders, development disorders, sleeping disorders and even eating disorders (Radcliffe, 2000). There is no one cause for every disorder; it is usually explained by a biopsychosocial model, which is the interaction of biological, psychological and social causes (Mayo Clinic Staff, 2007). Mental disorders may not be cured entirely, but there is extensive treatment available. Psychotherapy is one of the basic methods along with medication. A psychologist cannot prescribe medication to the mental patient; a psychiatrist suggests medicines based on the diagnosis. Diagnosis is based on the patient’s history taken by the doctor as there is no other way for him to determine how the patient is feeling. There are many subgroups of the types of medicines available for mental patients – anti depressants (for producing happy hormones and lifting up a person’s mood), anxiolytics (for reducing anxiety and calming a person down; also prescribed for insomnia), mood stabilizers (using for bipolar disorders – extreme mood conditions), antipsychotics (for problems such as schizophrenia), and lastly stimulants (for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder). These medicines are required for a mental patient to remain sane at times; however, there are adverse affects caused by adherence and excessive intake. Psychotherapy is a method which takes a

College Life Student Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

College Life Student - Essay Example The theory of oscillatory selection could be one of the first phases of evolution that we may go through . This theory explains the oscillation of a specie between two different environments with the aim to be in the best suited environment at a given point in time . If we consider our groups of friends we hang out in college with, we would realise that they are generally divided into two if not three . One group would represent the studious kind and the other the fun loving kind . There is always a marked difference between the characteristics of both the groups such that they can never merge and we as an individual would opt to be a part of only one group at any given point in time. When an individual wants to be recognised as the "hottest guy" in college or "Mr cool", which is generally the case in the initial years in college we want to be seen as a part of the "fun loving". But when we have assignments to submit and deadlines of work to be met with we shift over to the studious kind for help The theory of convergent evolution explains the acquisition of some traits by a specie,

Energy Security Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Energy Security - Essay Example It is an effective strategy too because it would help countries to venture into newer energies, since the coal, oil, and gas resources are highly depleting. It does not come as a shock, because most developing countries may lack the power to acquire nuclear energy, but at least have and are aware of other alternative energy sources. According to Gallagher, China’s concern on environmental problems has pushed it to pursue renewable energy; it has so far acted towards ethanol production, and progressively installed small hydropower, solar hot water, and installed wind capacity to add up what accounts from existing hydropower and nuclear energy (n.d.). The adjustments need investment, further research, and early planning to ensure countries develop with uninterrupted energy supply in future. It is a challenge for developed, emerging, and third world nations, if responsibility of safe environment and sustainable energies and development should be given priority. Addressing pattern s of consumption: The amount of energy consumed and carbon emissions in any given country varies with the population, industries, and available forms of energy. China and India have very high populations and have been very active to alleviate poverty and inequality in their nations through further industrial development. As such, with the very high consumption of coal energy in China, the more inevitable the carbon emission remains. This demonstrates that even as international and national policies lay strategies to control consumption, it can only be achieved if the locals and individuals act towards it (Parker, Scott, and Rowlands, n.d.). The developed nations do not have the world’s largest population, yet they are the highest consumers of energy resources;... Addressing patterns of consumption: The amount of energy consumed and carbon emissions in any given country varies with the population, industries, and available forms of energy. China and India have very high populations and have been very active to alleviate poverty and inequality in their nations through further industrial development. As such, with the very high consumption of coal energy in China, the more inevitable the carbon emission remains. This demonstrates that even as international and national policies lay strategies to control consumption, it can only be achieved if the locals and individuals act towards it (Parker, Scott, and Rowlands, n.d.). The developed nations do not have the world’s largest population, yet they are the highest consumers of energy resources; developing nations on the other hand, have large population sizes that with rapid developments, the world natural resources would be stripped away quickly in their demand for energy. The UK’s pop ulation is relatively small and besides investing in renewable energies and nuclear power, the country has invested in research for carbon and capture storage (CCS) technology, which if successful, would boost energy security by reviving coal energy (Department of Energy & Climate Change, 2013). Governments policies and incentives have to be strict, especially in industries of developing nations with respect to how they consume energy.

Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 13

Leadership - Essay Example In organizations, managers are the leaders of the subordinates. Workers should obey the instructions from the managers in order to execute a project successfully. The manager’s ability to derive maximum out of a worker is one of the critical success factors of an organization. Managers may adopt many strategies to get the maximum out of a worker. Linking of rewards with performance and adoption of suitable management styles are some of the strategies taken by managers in organizations to improve the productivity of the workers. This paper briefly analyses the importance of linking of rewards with performance and best possible leadership styles to control employees in an organization. Recognitions are important in personal and professional life. Nobody likes to work in an organization if the organization fails to recognize their good performances and complement them with rewards. Rewards are motivating factors for the employees to increase their performances and productivity. â€Å"Great leaders will seek to create environments where their followers are rewarded for their hard work and success† (The Importance of Using Rewards and Recognition To Lead, 2010). Rewards can be given in different forms like incentives, praising words, promotions etc. It is a fact that majority of the employees are working for money rather than helping an organization. They will work hard if they have the prospects of getting more money linked with more performances. Rewards can motivate all the employees irrespective of who is getting it. Those who failed to get reward will definitely try to improve their performance in anticipation of a possible reward in future. In some cases, even a praising word by the manager may serve as a great boost to the employees. It is not necessary that financial gains alone may motivate an employee. Some employees attach more value to the psychological factors and the praising words may

Bussiness operation system Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Bussiness operation system - Essay Example With the passage of time, company made a huge progress and improved its business functions and processes. At the present, company has a large loyal customer base. Currently, Clean Brite Company is a leading supplier of cleaning products to UK industries with an annual turnover of ?30 million. In addition, Clean Brite Company is basically a supplier of cleaning products to a lot of different companies and commercial areas. Though, Clean Brite Company is not a product manufacturing business, however it only purchases them from companies those manufacture them. Additionally, CBC provides different grade cleaning products to a number of different sectors. Moreover, Clean Brite Company business is dealing with a large number of corporations including hotels, processing industries, hospitals and public organizations, catering organizations such as leisure centers and schools. With the evolution in business, CBS got a lot of new opportunities and issues. In this scenario, one of the major o pportunities business has got is in form of increase in customer reorganization and business market standing improvement. On the other hand, Clean Brite Company is facing problem in handling the information and data collected from different corporations. In this scenario, the existing system which was developed for these areas is not effectively dealing with these processes in a better way. Therefore this project is initiated to effectively manage the operations and processes of business for improving organizational performance. Rich Picture Given below is the Rich Picture for the system working. Here we can see that new digital business and order management is able to support a number of business stakeholders: Rich Picture Explanation Management The new technology based system at Clean Brite Company will offer an excellent support to management. The new technology based system will facilitate in business decision making and process management. In addition, this system will improve the standard of corporate business and operations management. Packaging The new technology based system will also offer an excellent support for the business packaging department. In case of a new order, the order will be dispatched to packaging department and packed for delivery. These all processes will be done automatically. Warehouse The technology based system at Clean Brite Company will also facilitate the warehouse department. In case of new order the business sales center will dispatch the order to warehouse department where it is checked to confirm the availability of order. In case of availability the order is dispatched to packaging department or otherwise sent the request to business supplier for delivery of order. Customer The customer will make use of the new online business management and sales system to access the business products. Customers will be able to order and pay through online business platform. Sales Business sales department for the Clean Brite Company wi ll have a complete technology based automated system that will automatically process the sales and business transaction for effective business management. The overall process of business transaction management will make use of automatic payments and funds transfer system that will be convenient to customer and business. Marketing The new online business online platform for Clean Brite Company will also serve as the business marketing platform. Shipping The new

Marketing management- next Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Marketing management- next - Essay Example The target market for Next Direct in India mainly includes young age group of people from urban areas with higher middle income. In India, the domestic as well as some foreign apparel retailers are dominating and they are also offering online retailing services. Hence, it needs to reposition itself by offering comparatively lower priced brand products. The price is a key factor in Indian market and Next Direct must offer better discounts, offers though loyalty cards schemes. Moreover, Next Direct also needs to incorporate ethical marketing concepts for its Indian market by focusing on better consumer satisfaction level. Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 2 INTRODUCTION 4 PLC STAGE 5 TARGET MARKET 7 PRODUCT REPOSITIONING 10 PRICING STRATEGIES 12 ETHICS 13 CONCLUSION 14 RECOMMENDATION 15 REFERENCE 16 BIBLIOGRAPHY 17 INTRODUCTION Next Plc is a UK-based retail chain and it also present in the multiple countries like India, China, European countries, U.S.A. etc. It is primarily engaged i n the retailing business of the apparels, accessories, home products and other electrical consumer durable products. In its domestic country, UK and in Eire it has nearly 500 stores. Besides, in International markets, it is operating with more than 180 stores (Next Plc-a, 2011). Recently, the retailer faced a steep fall in its sales revenue during financial crisis of 2007-2008. However, with the recovering economy, Next Plc’s financial statements are recovering with an increase in the sales comparing to the previous financial year. With recovering economy, the competition in the market is expected to intensify as its competitors will try to the recover their losses due to financial crisis during 2008 to 2009 (Clark, 2011). In such situation, Next Plc must try to reposition itself in the competitive market by gaining effective sustainable completive advantages. However, the recovering growth rate of UK (as per GDP real growth rate 1.6%) is much slower in comparison to other de veloping countries like China and India (CIA, 2011). Therefore, opportunities in these developing countries are far better than other recovering developing countries like UK and U.S.A. Next Plc can try to reposition its apparels in the Indian retail market as Indian economy is growing at a faster rate i.e. 8.3% (CIA-b, 2011). Next Plc can focus on its apparel product segments to reposition itself in Indian market. With enhancing disposable income of the Indian consumers demand for clothes and related accessories are rising (Mirdha, 2011). PLC STAGE Kasse has explained that a PLC â€Å"is the period of time, consisting of phases that begins when a product is conceived and ends when the product in no longer available for use† (Kasse, 2008, p.56). The clothes and apparels are generally belongs to the fashionable consumer products and fashion industry keeps changing its trends by introducing multiple product developments as per current trends. Generally, clothes can be categorize d into three types i.e. fashion, fad and basic products and hence, as per three types of apparel categories, the PLC is given below. Figure 1: PLC for Apparels and Clothes (Source: Cornell University, 2006) The basic clothes and apparels are already in its declining phase and fashionable clothes are in correct trend. However, the fad clothes have the minimum life cycle as its popularity changes frequently among the youngsters. BCG matrix is a model to

How far do the values of Kino Essay Example for Free

How far do the values of Kino Essay A. The Novelette, The Pearl was written by John Steinbeck in 1944. Steinbeck is a magnificent author who uses dramatic, narrative and musical themes all together . e. g. the song of evil and the song of family to convey his idea effectively. He is able to attain an effect on the reader without lengthy details on emotions, places etc. All his novels are set in Salinas Valley and the main themes of his novels are on man versus nature and how man abuses it. Drama, visual effects and music all blend together in Steinbecks novel making it an all time classic. The Pearl is the story about Kino (Main character Mexican pearl diver) who is the leader of his tribe. In the story he goes on to finding a pearl, which affects him greatly. The pearl of the world gives him dreams of wealth and prosperity but all this changes when things dont turn out the way he planned them to. The pearl gives him suffering and brings out the evil in man. At the beginning of the novel we see the Mexicans oneness with nature as they made songs about it which brought them happiness. The fisherfolks lives were very simple as they lived in poverty and yet they enjoyed the fruits of nature. They lived in brush houses and ate simple food like hot corn-cake. Their sense of unity in the family is shown as they hardly communicate through words because they know what and how one another thinks. (Page 10)- They had spoken once, but there is not need for speech if it is only a habit anyway. Songs were important in their culture as they linked everything to music. The tribe was so closely united and were always ready to help each other. We see this when all the neighbors assist Kino when he takes Coyotito to the doctor for the scorpion bite as a child was a most important thing in life. Another example of closeness is when the tribe goes with Kino to sell the pearl as it a historic event as one of their members are going to get a lot of money. This all shows the loyalty of the neighbors. The tribe is superstitious and at the same time religious, as it is shown to us when Juana prays and chants magic at the same time when seeing the scorpion. They had experience in treating the dangers of nature . e. g. scorpion bites. Both Kino and Juana are superstitious and this is evident when they find the pearl of the world, they hid excitement and the pageant Gods were angry at them. The only thing that made the tribe unhappy was the whites treatment towards them which they thought was unjust. The whites brought fear and distrust . e. g. the way the doctor looks after and treats the rich rather than the poor. The poor lived in brush houses while the rich lived in stone and plaster houses. The whites poison the minds of the tribe as they are victims of ignorance and illiteracy. They were made to believe that their remedies were inferior to those of the white when in most cases they were not. The corrupted values of the whites are seen when the doctor misuses his skills and knowledge to make the baby sick instead of curing him. There is also ill-treatment of the beggars; we see this when they dont help Kino in finding a doctor and they feel it is a source of entertainment when a fisherman comes for help in the city. Eg:(When Kino wants to find a doctor for his son as he got bitten by a scorpion, and instead of the beggars helping Kino finding one, they made fun of him) The irony is that the beggars have no dignity compared to the fishermen who work for a living. When the tribe found the pearl they never thought of riches, only things that will help them where as compared to the whites they only thought of riches and themselves e. g. the doctor was fond of rich silk and expensive clothes compared to the fisher folks who just wore rags. Here a sense of irony is shown as the fisher folks are the whites main source of income and despite this, they still feel disgusted by the fisher folks. The priest was also a disgrace to religion as he too only thought about himself and riches as they wanted materialistic things. We also see how the whites treat their culture as to be very inferior and at the same time exploit them because the tribe is illiterate. Kino represents all the men in the tribe, he was the head of the family and showed the superiority of men e. g. when he eats first in his family and makes decisions. He is a protective father. This is evident when we see him confront the three trackers and when he tries to save his son from the scorpion bite. We see how the pearl changes him from a dependable, hard working man to a man who wants power. The main thing of a man is to have a canoe, as it was a sign of life. The tribe was of fishermen and they depend on canoe to fish in. Here we see Kinos loyalty to the family and family possessions as we see how he valued his canoe which he got from his grandfather-(Kinos grandfather had brought it from Nayarit, and he had given it to Kinos father, and so it had come to Kino) This is how the canoe is passed down from generation to generation.. A canoe was passed down from ancestors and without one they wouldnt be able to get married as it would be hard to support a family. The canoe was a symbol of livelihood, prosperity, independence and survival. Many things were passed down from generations such as Pearl diving, fishing and use of seaweed for remedies. Kinos life is focused on his family whom he loved a lot. His love for Juana is shown when he wants the pearl to help them in getting married. The closeness and the sense of brotherly unity between Kino and his brother Tomas, they gain from the values of their forefathers, as we see how Tomas advises him about the pearl and also helps Kino when the pearl brings bad luck to him. Kino shows his care for the races when he wants the pearl to bring prosperity to the tribe rather than to himself alone we see how he wants education for his son as with education they wouldnt be victims to the whites, he wants his son to spread knowledge and understanding to his tribe in the future through the things he learned. Kino is a skilled fighter where his response to danger is fierce and quick. It is a primitive instinct of the tribe. He is known as a noble savage; he is uncorrupted by a false coating of civilization that we see through the behavior and character of the doctor, priest and the pearl trader. The primitive violent reaction is shown when he attacks the thief that comes and robs him and when he murders one of the attackers in self-defense. When Kino finds a big hole in his canoe there is anger and deep sorrow as without a canoe a man is helpless. He is like a machine when he flees from the attacker to high ground like an instinct of an animal. There is stubborn courage in Kino; he displays a tragic courage for he is a man opposing all the forces against him. We see Kino is a man constant struggle against any prison that binds him. We see at the end of the story Kinos emotion when he loses his son and everything he owns because of the evil pearl and so a result he throws the pearl where it belongs. The situation of Kino could have happened to anyone in the tribe as all he imagined was that everyone would share his joy, but he was wrong. Juana represents all the females in the tribe as a womans character was obedient and respected. Her femininity was shown when she waits for Kino to finish eating and then she would start eating. She respected her husband by making him choose decisions. Juana is an ideal partner for Kino like her instincts when she wants to throw the pearl, and by showing unquestionable loyalty by wanting to stay with Kino and refuses to leave him even though it meant life or death for her and her baby. She shows strength when Kino is weakened by the evil of the pearl. Because of this action Kino draws strength to her loyalty. When Kino said to Juana I am a man he meant that he was half insane and half god and she knew in her womans soul that the forces of nature and society would crush him in the end, yet she needed such a man. Sometimes the female makes decisions for the men as a desperate measure like when she tells Kino to throw away the pearl. Both Kino and Juana were superstitious when finding the pearl and hence both of them suffered from the evil it brought as their simplicity and gullibility made them unaware about the pearls poison and the pain it brought as they suffered a terrible loss and were neglected by society. The dream Kino conjured from its shiny surface was to bring sorrow and death, as too much good luck gave them something bad at the end. But at last he had learnt his lesson and throws the pearl back into the sea where it belongs. There is always a limit to which you can make use of something. Once you begin to abuse it you pay the consequences and this is what happened. Culture is a very important aspect of life as not only is it a symbol/identity but it is also something which no body can take away from you as it becomes part of you. Every culture has its own occasions, celebrations, beliefs, dress etc. In The Pearl John Steinbeck used Kino and Juana very specifically to portray the importance of culture and the way things go about in a particular culture. Eg: the way the canoe was passed down from generation to generation etc.

Applications Of The Pigeonhole Principle Mathematics Essay

Applications Of The Pigeonhole Principle Mathematics Essay We begin our discussion with a common daily embarrassing moment. Suppose that in ones dresser drawer, he has socks of three different colours (all placed in messy order). Having to get up early in the morning while it is still dark, how does he ensure that he gets a matching pair of same coloured socks in the most convenient way without disturbing his partner? While, the answer is simple! He just has to take 4 socks from the drawer! The answer behind this is of course, the Pigeonhole Principle which we will be exploring in this Maths Project. What is the Pigeonhole Principle then? Let me give you an example to illustrate this principle. For instance, there are 3 pigeonholes around. A pigeon is delivering 4 mails and has to place all its mails into the available pigeonholes. With only 3 pigeonholes around, there bound to be 1 pigeonhole with at least 2 mails!. Thus, the general rule states when there are k pigeonholes and there are k+1 mails, then they will be 1 pigeonhole with at least 2 mails. A more advanced version of the principle will be the following: If mn + 1 pigeons are placed in n pigeonholes, then there will be at least one pigeonhole with m + 1 or more pigeons in it. The Pigeonhole Principle sounds trivial but its uses are deceiving astonishing! Thus, in our project, we aim to learn and explore more about the Pigeonhole Principle and illustrate its numerous interesting applications in our daily life. We begin with the following simple example: 2. Pigeonhole Principle and the Birthday problem We have always heard of people saying that in a large group of people, it is not difficult to find two persons with their birthday on the same month. For instance, 13 people are involved in a survey to determine the month of their birthday. As we all know, there are 12 months in a year, thus, even if the first 12 people have their birthday from the month of January to the month of December, the 13th person has to have his birthday in any of the month of January to December as well. Thus, we are right to say that there are at least 2 people who have their birthday falling in the same month. In fact, we can view the problem as there are 12 pigeonholes (months of the year) with 13 pigeons (the 13 persons). Of course, by the Pigeonhole Principle, there will be at least one pigeonhole with 2 or more pigeons! Heres another example of the application of Pigeonhole Principle with peoples relationship: 3. Pigeonhole Principle and problems on relations Assume that the relation `to be acquainted with is symmetric: if Peter is acquainted with Paul, then Paul is acquainted with Peter. Suppose that there are 50 people in the room. Some of them are acquainted with each other, while some not. Then we can show that there are two persons in the room who have equal numbers of acquaintances. Lets assume that there is one person in the room that has no acquaintance at all, then the others in the room will have either 1, 2, 3, 4, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦, 48 acquaintance, or do not have acquaintance at all. Therefore we have 49 pigeonholes numbered 0, 1, 2, 3, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦, 48 and we have to distribute between them 50 pigeons. So, there are at least two persons that have the same number of acquaintance with the others. Next, if everyone in the room has at least one acquaintance, we will still have 49 pigeonholes numbered 1, 2, 3, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦, 48, 49 and we have to be distribute between them 50 pigeons! Also, we can apply the Pigeonhole Principle in the proving of numerical properties. The following are two of such examples: 4. Pigeonhole Principle and divisibility Consider the following random list of 12 numbers say, 2, 4, 6, 8, 11, 15, 23, 34, 55, 67, 78 and 83. Is it possible to choose two of them such that their difference is divisible by 11? Can we provide an answer to the problem by applying the Pigeonhole Principle? There are 11 possible remainders when a number is divided by 11: 0, 1, 2, 3, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.., 9, 10. But we have 12 numbers. If we take the remainders for pigeonholes and the numbers for pigeons, then by the Pigeon-Hole Principle, there are at least two pigeons sharing the same hole, ie two numbers with the same remainder. The difference of these two numbers is thus divisible by 11! In fact, in our example, there are several answers as the two numbers whose difference is divisible by 11 could be 4 15; 34 67 or 6 83. 5. Pigeonhole Principle and numerical property We can also apply the Pigeonhole Principle in determining useful numerical properties. Consider a sequence of any 7 distinct real numbers. Is it possible to select two of them say x and y, which satisfy the inequality that 0 The problem sounds difficult as we may need to consider more advanced calculus and trigonometrical methods in the determination of the result. Well, to answer the above problem, one will be surprised to know that we just need a simple trigonometrical identity and apply the Pigeonhole Principle! Before proceeding to answer the problem, we first note that given any real number x, we can always find a real number a where n1 = tan a1, n2 = tan a2, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.., n7 = tan a7 Now, if we were to divide the interval (-p, p) into 6 equal intervals, we obtain the following sub-intervals: ( -p, -p ), [ -p, -p ), [ -p, 0 ) , [ 0, p ), [p,p ) and [p, p ). For the 7 distinct numbers a1, a2, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.a7, by the Pigeonhole Principle, there should be two values say, ai and aj such that aI > aj and ai aj are in the same interval! For these two values ai and aj, we should have 0 We may recall an important trigonometrical identity: B ) = . Thus, if ni = ai and nj = aj , then = = tan ( ai aj ) As 0 0 and so, 0 which is the result we are seeking! We may also apply the Pigeonhole Principle in the proving of useful daily geometrical results.. The following examples illustrate such usages: 6. Pigeonhole Principle and Geometry a. Dartboard applications Another common type of problem requiring the pigeonhole principle to solve are those which involve the dartboard. In such questions, a given number of darts are thrown onto a dartboard, the general shape and size of which are known. Possible maximum distance between two certain darts is then to be determined. As with most questions involving the pigeonhole principle, the hardest part is to identify the pigeons and pigeonholes. Example 1: Seven darts are thrown onto a circular dartboard of radius 10 units. Can we show that there will always be two darts which are at most 10 units apart? To prove that the final statement is always true, we first divide the circle into six equal sectors as shown; Allowing each sector to be a pigeonhole and each dart to be a pigeon, we have seven pigeons to go into six pigeonholes. By pigeonhole principle, there is at least one sector containing a minimum of two darts. Since the greatest distance between two points lying in a sector is 10 units, the statement is proven to be true in any case. In fact, it is also possible to prove the scenario with only six darts. In such a case, the circle is this time divided into five sectors and all else follows. However, take note that this is not always true anymore with only five darts or less. Example 2: Nineteen darts are thrown onto a dartboard which is shaped as a regular hexagon with side length of 1 unit. Can we prove that there are two darts within units of each other ? Again, we identify our pigeonholes by dividing the hexagon into six equilateral triangles as shown below. With the six triangles as our pigeonholes and the 19 darts as pigeons, we find that there must be at least one triangle with a minimum of 4 darts in it. Now, considering the best case scenario, we will have to try an equilateral triangle of side 1 unit with 4 points inside. If we try to put the points as far apart from each other as possible, we will end up assigning each of the first three points to the vertices of the triangle. The last point will then be at the exact centre of the triangle. As we know that the distance from the centre of the triangle to each vertex is two-third of the altitude of this triangle, that is, units, we can see that it is definitely possible to find two darts which are units apart within the equilateral triangle! b. Encompassing problems Consider the following problem: 51 points are placed, in a random way, into a square of side 1 unit. Can we prove that 3 of these points can be covered by a circle of radius units ? To prove the result, we may divide the square into 25 equal smaller squares of side units each. Then by the Pigeonhole Principle, at least one of these small squares (so call pigeonholes) should contain at least 3 points (ie the pigeons). Otherwise, each of the small squares will contain 2 or less points which will then mean that the total number of points will be less than 50 , which is a contradiction to the fact that we have 51 points in the first case ! Now the circle circumvented around the particular square with the three points inside should have radius = = = It will be worthwhile to note the above technique can be useful in analyzing accuracy of weapons in shooting practices and tests. Next, we will like to proceed to a more creative aspect of the application of Pigeonhole Principle by showing how it can be used to design interesting games: 7. Application of pigeonhole principle in card games We like to introduce the application of pigeonhole principle in two exciting card tricks: a. Combinatorial Card Trick : Heres the trick: A magician asks an unsuspecting observer to randomly choose five cards from a standard deck of playing cards. The participant does not show these cards to the magician, but does show them to the magicians accomplice. The accomplice looks at the five cards, chooses four of them, and shows these four to the magician in a certain ordered manner. The magician immediately identifies the fifth hidden card. How does the trick work? The following is an explanation of our working strategy: (1) First of all, notice that in any hand of five cards there must be two cards of the same suit (an application of Pigeonhole Principle). The first card that the accomplice shows to the magician is one of these two cards. The other card of the same suit is never shown it is the mystery card, the card which the magician must discover. Thus, the accomplice can easily communicate the suit of the hidden card: the hidden card has same suit as the first card shown to the magician. Specifying the rank of the mystery card (ie its value) is a little trickier but can be accomplished with a little circular counting manner which we will explained below Number the cards in a suit circularly from 1(ace) to 11 (jack), 12 (queen) and 13 (king) so that 1 follows 13 i.e. the list is ordered in a clockwise direction. Now, given any two cards A and B, define distance (A,B) as the clockwise distance from A to B. It is easy to see that for any two cards A and B either distance(A,B) or distance(B,A) must always be less than or equal to 6. Again as an application of the Pigeonhole Principle, we note that if they are both 7 or more, then there will be at least 2 x 7 = 14 cards in a standard suit of cards!! Example Cards: 3 and Jack (11) distance(Jack, 3) = 5; distance (3, Jack) = 8 Cards: Ace(1) and 7 distance (Ace, 7) = 6; distance (7,Ace) = 7 (2) Our working strategy thus proceeds as follows.: From those two cards of the same suit, A and B, the accomplice shows the magician card A such that distance(A, B) is 6 or less. For example, given the choice between the three of clubs and the Jack of clubs, the accomplice reveals the Jack (since distance (Jack ,3) = 5 and distance(3, Jack)= 8). The three of clubs remains hidden. If the two same-suit cards are the five of hearts and the six of hearts, the accomplice chooses the five (since distance (5,6) = 1 but distance (6,5) = 12) leaving the six of hearts as the mystery card. (3) Finally, the accomplice arranges the last three cards to encode a number from 1 to 6 the distance from the value of first card to that of the hidden card. A quick calculation allows the magician to discover the value of the mystery card. Notice that although the magician must decode only one of 6 possibilities, it should not present a problem, even to the slowest of magicians. To facilitate the explanation for the last step involved, we may assign each card a number from 1 to 52 for ranking purpose. For example, the ace of spade can be numbered 1 (the highest ranking card), ace of heart numbered 2, ace of club numbered 3, ace of diamond numbered 4, king of spade numbered 5, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.., queen of spade numbered 9, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦., jack of spade numbered 13, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦., 10 of spade numbered 17, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. , à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. , 2 of diamond numbered 52 (the lowest ranking card). We will now proceed to explain the last step using the following example: Example: Suppose the five cards chosen are the following: 3 of Hearts (numbered 46) 5 of Spades (numbered 37) 6 of Clubs (numbered 35) 7 of Hearts (numbered 30) 2 of Diamonds (numbered 52) The accomplice notices that the 3 and the 7 have the same suit hearts. Since the distance( 3 ,7) = 4 and distance(7, 3) = 9, the accomplice chooses the 3 as the first card to show the magician, leaving the 7 of hearts as the hidden card. The magician now knows that the suit of the mystery card is hearts. The accomplices next task is thus to let the magician know that he must add the value 4 to the number 3 to obtain the final value of 7 for the hidden card! How can he achieve this? Basically, he can arrange the other three cards in 3! = 6 ways. Based on the numbering method explained earlier, the 3 remaining cards can be ranked 1st, 2nd and 3rd . In our example, the 6 of Clubs will be ranked 1, the 5 of Spades will be ranked 2 and the 2 of Diamonds will be ranked 3. The accomplice may agree with the magician earlier that the arrangement of these 3 cards represent specific numbers as shown below: Order in which 3 remaining cards are shown Number represented by the arrangement 1, 2, 3 1 1, 3, 2 2 2, 1, 3 3 2, 3, 1 4 3, 1, 2 5 3, 2, 1 6 Thus in our example, the accomplice should display the cards in the following manner: firstly, the 5 of Spades, then the 2 of Diamonds and lastly, the 6 of Clubs ! b. Permutation Card Trick: Heres the trick: A magician asks an unsuspecting observer to randomly arrange 10 cards which are labelled 1 to 10 in a hidden face down manner. The participant does not show the arrangement of these cards to the magician, but does show them to the magicians accomplice. The accomplice looks at the ten cards and flips over six of the cards in a certain ordered manner to reveal their values to the magician. The magician immediately identifies the values of the four remaining unknown cards. How does the trick work? We first note that by applying the Pigeonhole Principle, we can show that in any permutation of 10 distinct numbers there exists an increasing subsequence of at least 4 numbers or a decreasing subsequence of at least 4 numbers. (refer next section of our discussion). These are the numbers that remain hidden in our trick. The magician will know that the sequence is increasing if the accomplice flips over the other six cards from the left to right and it is decreasing if the other six cards are flipped over from the right to the left. We will now proceed to explain the trick behind the game: The trick behind the game: Given any sequence of mn+1 real numbers, some subsequence of (m+1) numbers is increasing or some subsequence of (n+1) numbers is decreasing. We shall prove the result by Contradiction method. Assume that the result is false. For each number x in the sequence, we have the ordered pair (i,  j), where i is the length of the longest increasing subsequence beginning with x, and j is the length of the longest decreasing subsequence ending with x. Then, since the result is false, 1  £ i  £ m and 1  £ j  £ n. Thus we have mn+1 ordered pairs, of which at most mn are distinct. Hence by the Pigeonhole Principle, two members of the sequence, say a and b, are associated with the same ordered pair (s,  t). Without loss of generality, we may assume that a precedes b in the sequence. If a Thus, in our trick, we should have an increasing subsequence of at least (3+1) numbers or a decreasing subsequence of at least ( 3+ 1) numbers in a permutation of (33+ 1) distinct numbers! Here is an example of how the trick can be performed: Example Suppose the participant arranges the 10 cards in the following manner (value faced down from left to right): 3, 5, 8, 10, 1, 7, 4, 2, 6, 9. Upon careful inspection, the accomplice notices that an increasing subsequence can be 3, 5, 8, 10 while a decreasing subsequence can be 10, 7, 4, 2. If he decides to use the increasing subsequence, he should leave the first four cards untouched and flips the other six cards over in a leftward manner as shown: 1 7 4 2 6 9 Direction of flip The magician on realising that the four missing numbers are 3, 5, 8 and 10 and the leftward direction of flip, will thus proclaim the 4 hidden numbers to be 3, 5, 8, and 10 respectively! If the accomplice decides to use the decreasing subsequence, he should leave the cards bearing the numbers 10, 7, 4, 2 untouched and flips the other six cards over in a rightward manner as shown: 3 5 8 1 6 9 Direction of flip The magician on realising that the four missing numbers are 2, 4, 7 and 10 and the rightward direction of flip, will thus proclaim the 4 hidden numbers (from left to right) to be 10, 7, 4, 2 respectively! 8. Conclusion Although the Pigeonhole Principle seems simple and trivial, it is extremely useful in helping one to formulate and facilitate calculation and proving steps for numerous important Mathematical results and applications. We have included just a substantial amount of its applications in our project discussion. More importantly, we will like to show that a simple Mathematical concept like the Pigeonhole Principle does have numerous interesting and beneficial application in our daily life! ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ End of Report ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

Objective Of One Shot Coffee Shop Marketing Essay

Objective Of One Shot Coffee Shop Marketing Essay One Shot coffee shop is a new company that will be set at hotel royal queens at 12 queen street Singapore. The One Shot coffee shop provide the coffee and the comfortable environment for the customer, One Shot coffee shop will be a partnership company and will beginning operation on December 30,2012. President of One Shot coffee shop is Mr. Wang and the vice president of One Shot coffee shop is Mr. Kun, vice president has a 45% share of the company, and president has a 55% share of the company. President of the company also is a CEO of the coffee shop, the CEO Manager the employees, and the vice president in charge with the goods supply. The location of the One Shot coffee shop is established at hotel royal queens at 12 queen street Singapore, it is a century of Singapore, and the hotel also had a good sales, so it will take many customer to the One Shot coffee shop. 1.2The objective of One Shot coffee shop One Shot coffee shops objectives for the first year of  operations are: 1. Become selected as the Best New Coffee Bar in the area by the local restaurant guide. 2. Turn in profits from the first month of operations. 3. Maintain a 65% gross margin. 2.Vision and Mission 2.1 Vision A vision can be defined as an eye chart, sometimes also referred to as the Company in the picture, but it is so much more than this. Your vision statement is your inspiration, your strategic planning framework. An eye chart, can be applied to a single sector of the entire company or the company. Whether all or part of an organization, the eye chart to answer the question, Where we want to go? Become the leading branded coffee shops in the region to business casual, taking into account the mood of consumer. About three years to recover the total investment cost, and gradually began to profit. 2.2 Mission Mission statement is a statement of the purpose of company or organization its reason for existing. The mission statement should guide the actions of the organization. spell out its overall goal, provide a path, and guide decision-making. It provides the framework or context within which the companys strategies are formulated. Hill, Ch, Jones, G. (2008) To become a leader in this industry and provide a stable and reasonable income for the owners of the place for investment. (2) The successful completion of the construction and development of the stores, and gradually withdraw the investment capital. 3.Product and service Product and service are when a firm offer a mix of both products and services, in compare to the traditional focus on products. As define by a marketable set of products and services capable of jointly fulfilling a users need. largely motivated by the need on the part of traditionally oriented manufacturing firms to cope with changing market forces and the recognition that services in combination with products could provide higher profits than product alone.Face with shrink markets and increased commercialization of their products, those firms saw service provision as a new path toward profits and growth. 3.1The main product and service Cappuccino With less milk than a latte, cappuccino offers a stronger espresso flavor and a luxurious texture. To make it properly require more skill and attentiveness. Arguably the most important things is frothing the foam to velvety perfection as the milk steams something One Shot coffee shop barrister take great care to achieve . The milk mous tache that clings to your upper lip is proof weve made yours right. And we may say, you wear it well. Espresso Smooth and versatile Espresso Roast is the very heart and soul of One Shot. Its rich flavor, lingering aroma and caramel sweetness make it the perfect found for lattes, cappuccinos and all One Shot coffee shop espresso based beverages. But you can also enjoy it all by itself indeed, that might be the best way to discover its nuances. White Chocolate Mocha White chocolate fans will tell you they like it elegant, creamy taste. Its smooth subtle, is a perfect complement to a bolder taste. There is no bolder than we are rich, full-bodied espresso tastes. And it turns out, there is no better way to experience the decadent white chocolate, rather than in this delicious beverage. Caramel Macchia-to Scores of people are passionate devotees of the signature beverage. So bewitch are they, youd think it was any kinds of magical elixir. Well theres no hocus pock here. Well tell you exactly what goes into it: creamy vanilla flavored syrup, freshly steamed milk with a topping of velvety rich foam, one intense hit of One Shot Espresso roast, a finish of buttery caramel drizzle. okay, we take it back. It sounds like is magic to us. but it taste even better. Vanilla Latte There are many delicious ways to join espresso, but one of that couldnt be more classic is that Vanilla latte. Just need a few ingredient make up that favorite: One Shot Signature espresso. Creamy steamed milk and our classic vanillas syrup. Simple, .Satisfying always. 4.Industry summary and analysis 4.1PESTEL This sector examines in detail the external environment as well as the macroeconomic forces include the current issues such as the global financial crisis, inflation, etc. facing the coffee industry operates. In this case, an analysis and estimation of the main external environment factors to the One Shot coffee shop by using the PESTEL Analysis. Any analysis of the successes and failures facing a SME must understand the macro environment within which a SME operates (Barney and Hesterly, 2008). The PESTEL framework is designed to provide managers with an analytic-al tool to identify different macro-environment factors that may business strategies, and to assess what difference environmental factor may influence the business performance now or in future. The PESTEL framework include six types of important environment influences: political, economic social, technological, environmental and legal factors. These factors would not be seen as independent factor. Factor such as a technological advances may probably affect the social and economic conditions in different markets. 4.1.1Political factors The political factor is to what extent the government intervention in the economy. Specifically, political factors, such as tax policy, labor law, environmental law, trade restrictions, tariffs, and political stability. Political factors may also include goods and services, the government should provide or provided (merit goods), the government does not want (demerit goods or advantages of bads). In addition, governments have great influence in health, education, and a national infrastructure It is known that Singapore is a very stable country with low social risk, at the same time; the government of Singapore is encourage more and more tourists to Singapore, ;like the government building the casino in Singapore, the government also want more tourists come to Singapore. The government agencies in Singapore play a very active role in promoting Singapore as a global destination. Under the guidance of STB (Singapore tourism board) it takes majors to promote itself as a MICE destination. For such a good political factors let the business in Singapore get more benefit. Hence, the One Shot coffee shop may run its business stability and benefit its investment profitability under Singapores strong government policies. 4.1.2Legal factors Legal factors include discrimination law, consumer protection law, antitrust law, labor law, health and safety laws.These factors may affect the Companys operations, its cost, and the demand for its products. As Singapores law is very strict and the government will protect Intellectual property rights and doesnt allow other companies to infringe the copyright and intellectual property so it is very good for company to compete with each other fairly. For the One Shot coffee shop in Singapore its intellectual property rights had been protect under the Singapores legal. 4.1.3Economic factors Economic factors such as economic growth, interest rates, exchange rates and inflation rate. These factors have significant impact on the enterprise how it works, and make a decision. For example, interest rates affect the companys cost of capital, and therefore, the extent to which the business growth and expansion. Exchange rates affect the cost of export goods and the supply and price of imported goods in the economic Based on trade, economics (2011), Singapores per capita GDP (gross domestic product) is higher than most developed countries. In fact, with the economic development of Singapores economy diversified, open trade policies, international communication links, and attract multinational investment. Singapore is a vibrant economy, and its economy is heavily dependent on exports. From 2007 to 2010, 7.62% of the to enjoy average GDP growth. It enjoys a higher per capita income than most developed countries. February 14, 2007, the Singapore government announced that the annual economic growth of 7.9% in 2006, 7.7% higher than originally anticipated. Singapores unemployment rate was 2.2%, around February 20, 2009. As of August 7, 2010, Singapore is one of the worlds fastest growing economies, the growth rate was 17.9% in the first half of 2010. Singapore is a highly abundant natural resources. Have advanced the state of the infrastructure, including country hotels, roads, transport facilities, telecommunicate facilities, aviation services. One Shot coffee shop might be an opportunity in such a good condition. 4.1.4Social factors Social factors include the cultural aspects of health consciousness, population growth rate, age distribution, career attitudes and emphasis on the safety. Trend of social factors on the impact of the companys products and needs, the companys operations. For example, the aging of the population may mean a smaller, more willing workforce (thus increasing the cost of labor). In addition, the company may change to a different management strategy, in order to adapt to these social trends (such as to hire older workers). Social environment in SMEs is concerned about innovation, risk taking, and large-scale transformation to social problem solving (Kuratko, 2008). Singapore has a very vibrant cosmopolitan culture. It has a very strong education system. Everyone is comfortable with English. Along with business tourism opportunities it has great facilities for leisure activities such as state of the art shopping malls, casinos, resorts, restaurants etc. Thus it can be concluded that the social factors are very supportive for the coffee industry in Singapore. Singapore is considered as a very safe city. 4.1.5Technological factors Technical factors, including the technical aspects, such as R D activity, automation, technology incentives, technological change speed. They were able to determine the access threshold, the minimum efficient production level and influence outsourcing decisions. In addition, changes in technology will affect the cost, quality and lead to innovation. There is no doubt that the modern technology not only improves all the coffee equipments quality and productivity. but also accelerate the commercialization process of the coffee business. SMEs primarily face challenge of technologies in transportation, utility, health care, electrical, and computer industries. Technological forces can create new markets, reduce and eliminate cost barriers between businesses (David, 2009). Using a professional Espresso coffee machine made by Italian, never on the details of some coffee neglect. 4.1.6Environmental factors The environment factors such as the weather and climate change. The One Shot coffee shop will set hotel royal queens at 12 queen street Singapore. the weather and climate change doesnt affect One Shot coffee shop. 4.2SWOT Humphrey, Albert (December 2005). SWOT analysis is a strategic planning method used to evaluate the Strengths, Weaknesses, Limitations, Opportunities, and Threats are involved in one project or in a commercial venture. It involved specifying the objectives of the business venture or project and identifying the internal and external factors that are favorable and unfavorable to achieve that objective. By using SWOT analysis can assist One Shot coffee shop to identify the internal weakness and external threats factors, then improve the performance and search the benefits from opportunities and counter the threats as well. 4.2.1STRENGTHS The freshest coffee. Now cook baked transported on a weekly basis, to ensure that the beans are in the peak of tasting The most rigorous training. Three months to six months rigorous training of professional coffee Daren implement the recipe from the coffee to the professional knowledge of coffee plus Leadership and Service concept, inject One Shot passion for each cup of coffee. The most professional and coffee.   A professional Espresso coffee machine of  Italian, never on the details of any coffee neglect. The most comfortable environment.   Most spacious seating space, with the tone of European art-style decor, and free wireless Internet service offers consumers the most comfortable and convenient dining environment The special location. In this hotel just have one coffee shop inside. 4.2.2WEAKNESSES Affected by the location, almost customers are the person who is live in this hotel. One Shot coffee shop is a new company, almost customer are like the Starbucks. 4.2.3OPPORTUNITIES An unfulfilled customer need. There is an opportunity to increase the customer base by advertising as well as developing the new products and services. The merger or other types of expansion strategy can be considered as the opportunities factors when this coffee shop business plan get to the stage of maturity. The coffee shop set in hotel industry is a new developing market. 4.2.4THREATS Price wars with competitors. Some of competitors strive to earn a higher market share by selling its products and services at a lower price. New entrants and cost: the threat of new entrants in the market is a critic elements. This is a growth factor in the development, but also the threat of new entrants,intense competition and rapid deployment in the target market. 4.3 Porters five forces The porters five forces model of competitive analysis is a widely used approach for developing strategies in many industries. Indeed, the five forces model can determine the kinds of competitive forces are the firm staffs facing and measure the force on how strong are there in different parts the company facing. The figure shows the porters five forces model of competition below. Porters five forces model of competition Threat of new entrants Bargaining power of buyers Bargaining power of suppliers Rivalry a mongst existing firms in the industry Threat of substitute products or services Porter Five force High Medium Low Competitive Rivalry à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ Threats of New Entry à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ Bargaining Power of Customers à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ Bargaining Power of Suppliers à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ Threats of substitution à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ (Source: diagram created for this assignment) 4.3.1Threat of new entrants (high) The threat of new entrants is the threat of new competitors in the industry, existing competitors. A profitable industry realized profits will attract more competitors. If these new entrants is very easy to enter the market low barriers to entry the company has been a threat to competition in this market. More competitive while consumer demand increases or increase capacity which means less profit to go around. According to the power of one of Porters five forces model, the threat of new entrants, shape the competitive structure of an industry. Porters definition of the threat of new entrants, and completely changed the way people look at an industry competitive. Coffee shop is a low expensive shop , and One Shot coffee shop is a new brand in Singapore,the required investment is low. The major cost includes the real estate and coffee related equipments. Franchise is also an option that investment risks are low,Barriers to entry are low, thus the threat of new entrants are high due to low switch cost, and low capital requirements, and low restrictions. So the threat of new entrants is high. 4.3.2Threat of substitute products or services (high) The threat of substitute products or services: product substitutes and other products to perform the same or similar functions. Professor of microeconomics, more alternatives, the demand for the product becomes more elastic. The elasticity of demand is the consumer price sensitivity, which is equivalent to less certainty of profits. An attractive alternative to price the price of alternatives as the upper limit of the price of the underlying product. An attractive alternative behavior, depressed prices to reach its profit potential of the industry. Improved quality, alternatives alternatives quality is high, there are more and more pressure, the increase in the quality of the main product. Low switching costs passed on to consumers switching costs for consumers can come in the form of currency conversion costs cost or lifestyle. The monetary cost to the price of alternative products, and the cost of living is subjective, it is difficult to determine. In either case, more easily and lower cost is to switch to the alternative, the Alternate higher threat. Other substitutes tea, juice, soft drinks, alcohol and other coffee and non-coffee related drinks. given the sensitivity of consumers to price of coffee and a number of substitute available, the significance of the threat from substitutes is high. 4.3.3Bargaining power of suppliers (medium) Powerful bargaining power of suppliers, the seller and the buyer, the seller greater influence. This effect can be used to reduce the profit the buyer more favorable pricing, the limit product or service quality, or part of the cost is passed on to the buyer, the supplier is powerful. coffee is supplied by a variety of farms from South America or Africa. Third of all the coffee farms are less than one third. Industry main hedge position by diversifying those supplier portfolio. The power of suppliers is medium since there is a wide array of farmlands that supply specialty coffee beans, however, the farmers do supply a differentiated product. 4.3.4Bargaining power of buyers (Low) Porters five forces buyer bargaining power is consumer pressure, can play on the enterprise, allowing them to provide higher quality products and better customer service, lower prices. In the analysis of the bargaining power of buyers, industry analysis, from the sellers point of view. According to Porters five forces industry analysis framework, the buyer power of the forces shaping one of the competitive structure of an industry. The number of buyers in the industry is large, and their purchases are low volume. Industrys products, service and experience are differentiated.A cup of coffee does not represent a significant fraction a buyers cost of living. The buyers power is low because of that they lacked negotiation power and the ability to force down prices and pit competitors against each other. 4.3.5Rivalry among-st existing firms in the industry (Medium) Competitiveness increasingly competitive, when one or more competitors see an opportunity to grow, and competitors customers, or feel the need to attract more customers because of low profitability. Competition in the industrial competitiveness is an important issue, usually there will be many competitors are trying to carry out a sufficient rate of return on investment, profitability is generally low. Several competitors those who have already established a competitive advantage the profits of treason, but the more competitive competition means that the balance of payments, and generate enough cash to survive the struggle. Retaliation competitive competition intensified, the reaction of competitors, an aggressive strategy, with its own offensive or defensive strategy. This kind of competition is often the reasons for lower prices, competitors use a marginal contribution to the cost of administrative expenses. However, the competitiveness of the competition by fighting in advertising, product introduction and customer service. One Shot coffee shop is a coffee shop in the hotel ,The intensity of rivalry is medium because of the numerous competitor within the industry, despite it being a growing at 15% annually. On the other hand, there is no evidence of price or advertising wars within the industry. 5.Market strategy One Shot Cultures marketing strategy will be focused at getting new customer, retaining the exist customers, got customers to spend more or come back more often. Building a loyal customer base is a paramount importance since such customer core will not only generate most of the sales but also will provide favorable referrals. 5.1Competitive Edge One Shot culture, positioning itself as a unique coffee bar, its customers can not only enjoy the perfect coffee a cup, but also spent time in the surrounding environment. Comfortable sofas and chairs, dim lighting and quiet relaxing music will help customers relax from everyday stress, to distinguish single from incumbent competitors culture. 5.2Sales strategy The shooting cultural balistas the processing sales transactions. In order to speed up customer service, and at least two employees to provide services to customers of an employee, customer orders will be ready, the other employees will be taken care of sales transactions. All data will be recorded on the sales of computer point-of-sale terminal in the subsequent analysis for marketing purposes. In order to build its customer base, we will use the banner of a single culture and flyers, customer referrals with other businesses, communities and cross-promotional. At the same time, the customer retention program will be used to ensure that customers come back and spend more coffee. 5.3Marketing mix The Marketing mix is a common words that used to describe a various choices which the company must process the procedure of bringing a specific services or products to the market. Besides, it is also known as the four Ps which include the Price, Place, Product and Promotion. (Kamil et al 2009) 5.3.1Product strategy The product actually means that the service or product introduced by the company which offer to the customer of the target market. In this business plan, the product of One Shot coffee shop company is the services such as the pool lessons, the rental of One Shot coffee shop, and the snacks and beverage counter services. constantly developing new breakfast cereals the product element is the new product themself, setting the price right involved examining customer perception and rival products as well as costs of manufacture, promotion involved engaging in a range of promotional activities e.g. competitions, product tasting etc, 5.3.2Place strategy Marketing experts know that the best product in the world will never make an impact in the business world if no one can locate and obtain it. Keeping this simple, yet vital brick in the house of marketing, One Shot coffee shop gives careful consideration to the placement of its restaurant. Within that marketing research, It takes into consideration the population of a given part, major roadway in the vicinities of the proposed coffee shop site, traffic that passes by the coffee shop site, and the demographics of that area, as they know a great deal about One Shot customers. The place of One Shot coffee shop is in hotel royal queens at 12 queen street Singapore, in the hotel ,there is only had one coffee shop inside.so the place of One Shot coffee shop is a very good place, its in the central of Singapore. 5.3.3Pricing strategy Built in the right area, the people will come, but a good price does play a role, so that they come back. The single main content of the marketing strategy is one of the efficient pricing of their products. Understanding of the target market, including a large part of the family, they always need an affordable way to go out to dinner with their children, over the years a menu price, almost anyone can eat a lens, and enjoy quality meals without flowers a lot of money. What is really down the value of people enjoy single food, which is a big part of repeat customers, the best in the world price of products sold, if consumers do not think, what they buy. In fact, a single pointed out in their value menu in recent years, it provides a selection of menu items at a low price, this thoroughly. Other marketing concepts are integrated into the strategic value menu. Menu as the value of this project , to sell profitable products, this is a small loss leaders, if any profits are usually single cafe, coffee and soft drinks of your choice to accompany earnings, so that you have a a good price, but single cafe achieve the profitability. 5.3.4Promotion strategy One Shot coffee shop are still some basic promo gimmicks that most cafes should have like coffee mugs with your logo print on it. Travel mug is one of the most besought after item coffee junkies want. One Shot can sell these at shop or give it away on special occasion like your store open or yearly anniversary. One Shot coffee shop should also or have other standard promotional items such as shirts, key chains, tumblers, and note pads. If you want your promotion items to been seen more, offer things what people will really used outside the home like T- shirts, caps and visors, laptop bags, and backpack. For the high end market, One Shot coffee shop can sell CDs with a collection of music One shot coffee shop usually play at One Shot coffee shop Another method to market One Shot coffee shop business is by increasing One Shot coffee shop visibility online. Set-up a website where One Shot coffee shop can post materials related to the coffee business. One Shot coffee shop can also post announcements on One Shot coffee shop website for special offers and contests. Post One Shot coffee shop details on One Shot coffee shop site such as name, logo, location and telephone number. Add one page for suggestion, a forum and contact pages. Promote a special item on your menu on a week basis. One Shot product can be one coffee beverage, pastry or dessert. Announce the promotion on One Shot coffee shop site. Make One Shot coffee shop promo exciting and fun to encourage customers to come. One Shot coffee shop could have a contest like a coffee art contest wherein customers can create their own coffee art win prizes. Post the contest details and prizes on One Shot coffee shop website too. Prizes can be inexpensive like a free mug of coffee, coupon or free T-shirt with One Shot logo. Offering coffee charge cards is a very good idea. It is convenient for some staff and client. Instead of searching for coin and bill in their wallet or bag, customers can simply use a prepaid charge card to buy One Shot coffee. It is pretty convenient for customers who bought coffee daily. In other advantage is that One Shot get to sold more coffee in advance. 6.Management team and company structure This section of the business plan is essential information for investors and financial institution-it gives information about how your company is organized and who is in charge. This section is useful for relaying who accomplishes what tasks for the business, the business knowledge of the management team and the qualifications of the board . In this coffee shop Mr.Wang is the CEO, and Mr.Kun is the Chief Operating Officer,and one Chief Financial one Officer Chief Marketing Officer one Chief Technology Officer CEO may be able to set strategic, predict the future and control the budget, CEOs think about where the organization are going, the people and process need to get there, and how they will work in the current market. A COO handles a companys complex operational details. The companys COO insures the business can deliver day by day. COO figure out just what need to be measured so COO can tell if that things are going well. Then COOs team create the systems to track the measurement and take action when the company is not delivering. CFO will been busy figuring out that customers, business line and product is profitable, so the next year you can afford the really cool equipment. CMO owns the marketing strategyand that often includes the sales strategyand oversees its implement. The CMO will know or learn One Shot industry inside out and helps One Shot position One Shot product, differentiate it from your competitors products, enlist distributor, and make sure that customers are learn to crave One Shot product. CTO is a very important person in One Shot coffee shop, CTO need produce the coffee which one can make it more good. And at last we need 10 waiters, One Shot coffee shop must ensure that when a customer needs help always had one waiter in the side. 7. Operating planning It is describe one short term way of achieve milestones and explain how, or that portion . A strategic plan will set into operation when a given operational period, in the case in a commercial application, the fiscal year or another given budget term. One operational plan are the basis for, and testificatory for an annual operate budget request. Therefore, five year strategic plan need five operation plan fund by five operate budget. Operational plans should build the activity and budgets for every part of the organization for the next 1 to 3 years. One Shot link the strategic plan with the activity the organizations will deliver and the resources require to deliver their. An action plan drawn directly describe institutions and plan tasks and goals, plan objectives and plan activities of agencies and programs of strategic plan. 7.1 Clear objectives In fact, the objectives same as the Goals addressed at the beginning of this business plan, the details of the clear objectives summarized . The clear objectives of the One Shot coffee shop company Objectives Description Rent a venue approximate 5,000 square feet as the location of One Shot coffee shops business operation. Offer a custom-made coffee lessons. Provide in details the One Shot coffee shop companys first year projected profit and loss statement. Establish the working relationships with the hotel during the period of first operating year. Build a positive image and perception as well as enhance the One Shot coffee shops awareness to the public. (Source: diagram created for this assignment) 8.Risk Assessment Management Risk assessment is a step in a risk